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[영어report]도시경제학 혼잡세 분석 report

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작성일 18-12-22 20:11

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[영어report]도시경제학 혼잡세 분석 report

[영어report]도시경제학 혼잡세 분석 report

ECON 4650

Congestion Charge

Introduction: why do many cities consider imposing congestion tax
“New York to follow London`s example with congestion charge”, the title of the Hugh Muir’s news article shows that congestion of New York is a serious problem like London’s heavy traffic. In fact, London’s congestion charge is regarded as the most successful case of reducing traffic. On the first day of the congestion charge, thirty percent of car traffic was reduced (Colling, 2007). After London’s success, many cities, such as Singapore and Toronto, followed London’s congestion charge system. Generally, growing cities have caused various social problems, such as a heavy traffic, air pollution, and a housing problem over several years. Especially, heavy traffic has become a hot issue all over the world, because of the negative congestion externalities. According to the book, urban economics of O’sullivan, the negative congestion externality is defined as increasing external cost. “For …(skip) instance, if the travel time for 599 vehicles is 12.476 minutes, the travel time for 600 vehicles is 0.004 minutes longer, 12.480 minute. In other words, when the 600th vehicles enter is 2.40 minute. Finally, multiplying the increase in travel time by the opportunity cost of travel time, we get an external cost of $1.44 for the 1,200th vehicle, $2.10 for the 1,400th vehicle, and so on. (O’Sullivan, p.212)” However, many economists worry that governments impose various taxes because taxes generally creates Dead Weight Loss (DWL), but the taxes on problematic places, causing negative externalities like congestion on the roads, can increase economic surplus by reducing the problems. In other words, a congestion tax may not have advantages for all drivers, but it is clear that a congestion charge could reduce DWL caused by the negative externalities. Therefore, I will prove that big cities, such as New York, need a congestion charge to reduce useless social costs caused by negative congest
[영어레포트]도시경제학 혼잡세 분석 레포트 , [영어레포트]도시경제학 혼잡세 분석 레포트경영경제레포트 , 영어레포트 도시경제학 혼잡세 레포트

순서

영어레포트,도시경제학,혼잡세,레포트,경영경제,레포트

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레포트/경영경제
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